1. BEGIN File 154 to search MEDLINE.

2. EXPAND the descriptor term or phrase.

You see that there are 17 related terms in the Related Term column.

?b 154 
      File 154:MEDLINE(R) 1990-2007/Mar 15
      (c) format only 2007 Dialog

      Set  Items  Description
      ---   -----  -----------
?e  headache disorders

Ref   Items   RT  Index-term
E1       24       HEADACHE //POST-TRAUMATIC (POST-TRAUMATIC HEADA
E2      893       HEADACHE //TENSION-TYPE (TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE)
E3      753   17 *HEADACHE DISORDERS
E4        4       HEADACHE DISORDERS --BLOOD --BL
E5        5       HEADACHE DISORDERS --CEREBROSPINAL FLUID --CF
E6       68       HEADACHE DISORDERS --CHEMICALLY INDUCED --CI
E7      107       HEADACHE DISORDERS --CLASSIFICATION --CL
E8       47       HEADACHE DISORDERS --COMPLICATIONS --CO
E9      238       HEADACHE DISORDERS --DIAGNOSIS --DI
E10     181       HEADACHE DISORDERS --DRUG THERAPY --DT
E11      10       HEADACHE DISORDERS --ECONOMICS --EC
E12     136       HEADACHE DISORDERS --EPIDEMIOLOGY --EP
E13     196       HEADACHE DISORDERS --ETIOLOGY --ET
E14       4       HEADACHE DISORDERS --GENETICS --GE
E15       5       HEADACHE DISORDERS --HISTORY --HI
E16       3       HEADACHE DISORDERS --IMMUNOLOGY --IM
E17      11       HEADACHE DISORDERS --METABOLISM --ME

3. EXPAND the E reference number that shows related terms.

There is a Descriptor code (DC=), narrower terms (N), a related term (R) and cross-reference terms (X).

Note: Alternatively you can EXPAND the descriptor term or phrase within parentheses and save a step.

?e  e3

Ref   Items Type  RT  Index-term
R1      753       17 *HEADACHE DISORDERS
R2      753   X       DC=C10.228.140.546. (HEADACHE DISORDERS)
R3        0   X    1  CEPHALGIA SYNDROMES
R4        0   X    1  CHRONIC HEADACHE
R5    27023   R    7  HEADACHE
R6     1087   N    7  CLUSTER HEADACHE
R7       63   N   10  HEADACHE DISORDERS, PRIMARY
R8       37   N    6  HEADACHE DISORDERS, SECONDARY
R9     8484   N    7  MIGRAINE DISORDERS
R10     548   N    7  MIGRAINE WITH AURA
R11     245   N    4  MIGRAINE WITHOUT AURA
R12      19   N    2  PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA
R13      40   N    2  POST-DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE
R14      24   N    2  POST-TRAUMATIC HEADACHE
R15      18   N    2  SUNCT SYNDROME
R16     893   N    6  TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE
R17       7   N    5  TRIGEMINAL AUTONOMIC CEPHALALGIAS
R18     225   N    7  VASCULAR HEADACHES 

?e (headache disorders)

Ref   Items Type  RT  Index-term
R1      753       17 *HEADACHE DISORDERS
R2      753   X       DC=C10.228.140.546.(HEADACHE DISORDERS)
R3        0   X    1  CEPHALGIA SYNDROMES
R4        0   X    1  CHRONIC HEADACHE
R5    27023   R    7  HEADACHE
R6     1087   N    7  CLUSTER HEADACHE
R7       63   N   10  HEADACHE DISORDERS, PRIMARY
R8       37   N    6  HEADACHE DISORDERS, SECONDARY
R9     8484   N    7  MIGRAINE DISORDERS
R10     548   N    7  MIGRAINE WITH AURA
R11     245   N    4  MIGRAINE WITHOUT AURA
R12      19   N    2  PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA
R13      40   N    2  POST-DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE
R14      24   N    2  POST-TRAUMATIC HEADACHE
R15      18   N    2  SUNCT SYNDROME
R16     893   N    6  TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE
R17       7   N    5  TRIGEMINAL AUTONOMIC CEPHALALGIAS
R18     225   N    7  VASCULAR HEADACHES

4. SELECT the appropriate R number(s).

5. You can also SELECT the explodable term with an exclamation point at the end. Note the results are the same.

Note: The exploded MeSH term picked up all of the narrower terms, as shown here by comparison using the DISPLAY SETS (DS) command.

?s  r1 or r6:r18
             753  HEADACHE DISORDERS
           10509  CLUSTER HEADACHE:VASCULAR HEADACHES
      S2   11027  'HEADACHE DISORDERS' OR R6:R18<
	  
?s headache disorders!
      S1   11027  HEADACHE DISORDERS!

?ds
      Set     Items   Description
      S1      11027   HEADACHE DISORDERS!
      S2      11027   'HEADACHE DISORDERS' OR R6:R18

6. TYPE a few records in Format 8 to see titles, descriptors and publication years.

Notice that the first record confirms that the Select statement picked up narrower terms.

To select the appropriate record number, look at the range of records in the TYPE command (e.g., 1/8/1-3).

?t s1/8/1-3

      1/8/1 
      DIALOG(R)File 154: MEDLINE(R)
      (c) format only 2007 Dialog. All rights reserved.
  
      23079952   PMID: 17163262 
  Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba (Mig-RL) combination in 
migraine  prophylaxis: a prospective, open-label study. 
  
      2006 
  Tags: Female; Male 
  Descriptors: *Migraine  Disorders--prevention and control--PC; 
*Plant Extracts --therapeutic  use--TU; *Salix--chemistry--CH; 
*Tanacetum parthenium --chemistry--CH ; Adult;  
Capsules--administration and dosage--AD; Drug Administration 
Schedule; Drug Combinations;  Drugs, Non-Prescription; Humans; 
Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders--drug  therapy--DT; Migraine 
Disorders--pathology--PA; Plant Extracts--administration  and 
dosage--AD; Plant Extracts --pharmacology--PD; Prospective 
Studies; Quality  of Life--psychology--PX; Randomized 
Controlled Trials; Time Factors; Treatment  Outcome 
  CAS Registry No.: 0 (Capsules); 0 (Drug Combinations); 0 
(Drugs,  Non-Prescription); 0 (Plant Extracts) 
  
      1/8/2 
      DIALOG(R)File 154: MEDLINE(R)
      (c) format only 2007 Dialog. All rights reserved.
  
      23074460   PMID: 17309987 
  Expanding the differential diagnosis of chronic dizziness. 
  
      Feb 2007 
  Tags: Female; Male 
  Descriptors: *Anxiety Disorders--diagnosis--DI;  
*Dizziness--diagnosis--DI; *Migraine  Disorders--diagnosis--DI; 
*Post-Concussion Syndrome--diagnosis--DI ; Adolescent;  Adult; 
Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autonomic Nervous System  
Diseases--diagnosis--DI; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, 
Differential; Diagnostic  Techniques, Otological; Humans; 
Middle Aged 
  
      1/8/3 
      DIALOG(R)File 154: MEDLINE(R)
      (c) format only 2007 Dialog. All rights reserved.
  
      23072910   PMID: 17143907 
  Patent foramen ovale and migraine. 
  
      Jan 2007 
  Descriptors: *Heart Catheterization--methods--MT; *Heart 
Septal Defects,  Atrial --complications--CO; *Heart Septal 
Defects, Atrial--therapy--TH;  *Migraine Disorders--
etiology--ET; *Migraine Disorders--prevention and  
control--PC ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial--epidemiology--EP; 
Heart  Septal Defects, Atrial--physiopathology--PP; Humans; 
Migraine  Disorders--epidemiology--EP; Migraine 
Disorders--physiopathology--PP; Migraine  with 
Aura--epidemiology --EP; Migraine with Aura--etiology--ET; 
Migraine with  Aura --physiopathology--PP; Migraine with 
Aura--prevention and control--PC;  Prevalence

7. TYPE a record(s) you wish to view using Format 9 for the complete record.
The citation chosen is record 1.

Note: Part of the record is omitted from this display.

?t s1/9/1

  1/9/1 
  DIALOG(R)File 154: MEDLINE(R)
  (c) format only 2007 Dialog. All rights reserved.
      
  23079952   PMID: 17163262 
  Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba (Mig-RL) combination in 
migraine  prophylaxis: a prospective, open-label study. 
      
  Shrivastava R; Pechadre J C; John G W 
  Naturveda - Vitro-Bio Research Institute, ZAC de Lavaur, 
Issoire, France. 
  Clinical drug investigation ( New Zealand )   2006,  26 (5)  
p287-96,  ISSN: 1173-2563--Print   Journal Code: 9504817 
  Publishing Model Print 
  Document type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; 
Research  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 
  Languages: ENGLISH 
  Main Citation Owner: NLM 
  Record type: MEDLINE; Completed 
  Subfile:   INDEX MEDICUS 
  BACKGROUND: Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) has been used 
traditionally to  treat migraine, and although its mechanism 
of action is not fully understood,  serotonin 5-HT receptor 
blocking effects have been suggested. T. parthenium and  
Salix alba (white willow) either alone or in combination 
(Mig-RL) were recently  shown to inhibit binding to 5-HT(2A/2C) 
receptors; T. parthenium failed to  recognise 5-HT(1D) 
receptors, whereas S. alba or the combination did. It was  
hypothesised that S. alba in combination with T. parthenium 
may provide  superior migraine prophylactic activity compared 
with T. parthenium alone.  METHODS: A prospective, open-label 
study was performed in 12 patients diagnosed  with migraine 
without aura. Twelve weeks' treatment with T. parthenium 300 
mg  plus S. alba 300 mg (Mig-RL) twice daily was administered 
to determine the  effects of therapy on migraine attack 
frequency (primary efficacy criterion),  intensity and 
duration (secondary efficacy criteria), and quality of life,  
together with tolerability for patients. RESULTS: Attack 
frequency was reduced  by 57.2% at 6 weeks (p < 0.029) and by 
61.7% at 12 weeks (p < 0.025) in  nine of ten patients, with 
70% patients having a reduction of at …. 
      Tags: Female; Male 
      Descriptors: *Migraine Disorders--prevention and 
control--PC; *Plant  Extracts --therapeutic use--TU; 
*Salix--chemistry--CH; *Tanacetum parthenium  --chemistry--CH 
; Adult; Capsules--administration and dosage--AD; Drug  
Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Drugs, 
Non-Prescription; Humans;  Middle Aged; Migraine 
Disorders--drug therapy--DT; Migraine Disorders--pathology--PA;  
Plant Extracts--administration and dosage--AD; Plant Extracts
 --pharmacology--PD; Prospective Studies; Quality of 
Life--psychology--PX;  Randomized Controlled Trials; 
Time Factors; Treatment Outcome 
      CAS Registry No.: 0 (Capsules); 0 (Drug Combinations); 
0 (Drugs,  Non-Prescription); 0 (Plant Extracts) 
      Record Date Created: 20061213 
      Record Date Completed: 20070316